The recession in Russia has had a large impact on the disposable income of most Russians. 

As the price of food and alcohol has risen, Russians are visiting, bars, restaurants and nightclubs in far smaller numbers than before.

In a survey of 1,000 people detailed in The Moscow Times, it has emerged that the number of respondents who said they had not been to a pub this year was 490, compared to 280 in a similar survey last year.

620 people said they had not attended a nightclub this year, compared to 450 last year.

The numbers of people who had not been to a restaurant or cafe has also fallen in the past year, according to the survey.

Following the imposition of sanctions on European products by the Russian government and a currency crisis in the country, inflation in Russia has been running at levels not seen for many years.

Food prices are up over 17% in the past 12 months according to statistics from September, with wages failing to rise by anywhere near the same amount.